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Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats

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Vesicants Reference Library

Literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The Vesicants Reference Library supports searches using filters, and citations can be downloaded directly into EndNote and other popular literature citation formats.

CounterACT Research Products: Recent Publications by the Rutgers CounterACT Center Investigators

Sunil VR; Vayas KN; Radbel J; Abramova E; Gow A; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2022. Impaired energy metabolism and altered functional activity of alveolar type II epithelial cells following exposure of rats to nitrogen mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 456:116257

Joseph LB; Gordon MK; Zhou P; Hahn RA; Lababidi H; Croutch CR; Sinko PJ; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2022. Sulfur mustard corneal injury is associated with alterations in the epithelial basement membrane and stromal extracellular matrix.  Exp Mol Pathol 128:104807

Jan YH; Heck DE; An Y; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2022. Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes.  Chem Res Toxicol 35(4):636-650

Murray A; Banota T; Guo GL; Smith LC; Meshanni JA; Lee J; Kong B; Abramova EV; Goedken M; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2022. Farnesoid X receptor regulates lung macrophage activation and injury following nitrogen mustard exposure.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 454:116208

Malaviya R; Bellomo A; Abramova E; Croutch CR; Roseman J; Tuttle R; Peters E; Casillas RP; Sunil VR; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2021. Pulmonary injury and oxidative stress in rats induced by inhaled sulfur mustard is ameliorated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 428:115677

Joseph LB; Gordon MK; Kang J; Croutch CR; Zhou P; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2021. Characterization of the rabbit conjunctiva: Effects of sulfur mustard.  Exp Mol Pathol 121:104656

Sandhu SK; Kumar S; Raut J; Singh M; Kaur S; Sharma G; Roldan TL; Trehan S; Holloway J; Wahler G; Laskin JD; Sinko PJ; Berthiaume F; Michniak-Kohn B; Rishi P; Ganesh N; Kaur IP, 2021. Systematic Development and Characterization of Novel, High Drug-Loaded, Photostable, Curcumin Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing.  Antioxidants (Basel) 10.

Venosa A; Smith LC; Gow AJ; Zarbl H; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2021. Macrophage activation in the lung during the progression of nitrogen mustard induced injury is associated with histone modifications and altered miRNA expression.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 423:115569

DeSantis-Rodrigues A; Hahn RA; Zhou P; Babin M; Svoboda KKH; Chang YC; Gerecke DR; Gordon MK, 2021. SM1997 downregulates mustard-induced enzymes that disrupt corneal epithelial attachment.  Anat Rec (Hoboken) 304(9):1974-1983

Chang YC; Hahn RA; Gordon MK; Laskin JD; Gerecke DR, 2020. A type IV collagenase inhibitor, N-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-(4-phenylbenzenesulfonamido) propanamide (BiPS), suppresses skin injury induced by sulfur mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 401:115078

Sunil VR; Vayas KN; Abramova EV; Rancourt R; Cervelli JA; Malaviya R; Goedken M; Venosa A; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Lung injury, oxidative stress and fibrosis in mice following exposure to nitrogen mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 387:114798

Malaviya R; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Long-term Respiratory Effects of Mustard Vesicants.  Toxicol Lett 319:168-174

Wahler G; Heck DE; Heindel ND; Laskin DL; Laskin JD; Joseph LB, 2020. Antioxidant/stress response in mouse epidermis following exposure to nitrogen mustard.  Exp Mol Pathol 114:104410

Jan YH; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2020. DNA damage signaling in the cellular responses to mustard vesicants.  Toxicol Lett 326:78-82

Laskin JD; Wahler G; Croutch CR; Sinko PJ; Laskin DL; Heck DE; Joseph LB, 2020. Skin remodeling and wound healing in the Gottingen minipig following exposure to sulfur mustard.  Exp Mol Pathol 115:104470

Chang YC; Wang JD; Chang HY; Zhou P; Hahn RA; Gordon MK; Laskin JD; Gerecke DR, 2020. Expression of Laminin γ2 Proteolytic Fragments in Murine Skin Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard.  Anat Rec (Hoboken) 303(6):1642-1652

Businaro R; Maggi E; Armeli F; Murray A; Laskin DL, 2020. Nutraceuticals as potential therapeutics for vesicant-induced pulmonary fibrosis.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1480(1):5-13

Smith LC; Venosa A; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages during pulmonary injury induced by nitrogen mustard.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1480(1):146-154

Herbert J; Laskin DL; Gow AJ; Laskin JD, 2020. Chemical warfare agent research in precision-cut tissue slices-a useful alternative approach.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1480(1):44-53

Malaviya R; Abramova EV; Rancourt RC; Sunil VR; Napierala M; Weinstock D; Croutch CR; Roseman J; Tuttle R; Peters E; Casillas RP; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Progressive Lung Injury, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Rats Following Inhalation of Sulfur Mustard.  Toxicol Sci 178(2):358-374

Malaviya R; Kipen HM; Businaro R; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Pulmonary toxicants and fibrosis: innate and adaptive immune mechanisms.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 409:115272

Murray A; Gow AJ; Venosa A; Andres J; Malaviya R; Adler D; Yurkow E; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2020. Assessment of mustard vesicant lung injury and anti-TNF-α efficacy in rodents using live-animal imaging.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1480(1):246-256

Radbel J; Laskin DL; Laskin JD; Kipen HM, 2020. Disease-modifying treatment of chemical threat agent-induced acute lung injury.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1480(1):14-29

Venosa A; Smith LC; Murray A; Banota T; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2019. Regulation of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Nitrogen Mustard (NM)-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Lung Lipids.  Toxicol Sci 172(2):344-358

Jan YH; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2019. Sulfur Mustard Analog Mechlorethamine (Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine) Modulates Cell Cycle Progression via the DNA Damage Response in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells.  Chem Res Toxicol 32(6):1123-1133

Laskin DL; Malaviya R; Laskin JD, 2019. Role of Macrophages in Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Fibrosis Induced by Pulmonary Toxicants.  Toxicol Sci 168(2):287-301

Chang YC; Soriano M; Hahn RA; Casillas RP; Gordon MK; Laskin JD; Gerecke DR, 2018. Expression of cytokines and chemokines in mouse skin treated with sulfur mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 355:52-59

Joseph LB; Composto GM; Perez RM; Kim HD; Casillas RP; Heindel ND; Young SC; Lacey CJ; Saxena J; Guillon CD; Croutch CR; Laskin JD; Heck DE, 2018. Sulfur mustard induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin is inhibited by a novel anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic bifunctional prodrug.  Toxicol Lett 293:77-81

Eveleth DD; Eveleth JJ; Subramaniam A; Hahn R; Zhou P; Gordon MK; Bradshaw RA, 2018. An Engineered Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Derivative, TTHX1114, Ameliorates Short-term Corneal Nitrogen Mustard Injury in Rabbit Organ Cultures.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59(11):4720-4730

Chang YC; Gordon MK; Gerecke DR, 2018. Expression of Laminin 332 in Vesicant Skin Injury and Wound Repair.  Clin Dermatol (Wilmington) 2.

Sunil VR; Vayas KN; Cervelli JA; Ebramova EV; Gow AJ; Goedken M; Malaviya R; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2018. Protective Role of Surfactant Protein-D Against Lung Injury and Oxidative Stress Induced by Nitrogen Mustard.  Toxicol Sci 166(1):108-122

Venosa A; Gow JG; Hall L; Malaviya R; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2017. Regulation of Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Lung Macrophage Activation by Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor.  Toxicol Sci 157(1):222-234

Venosa A; Malaviya R; Choi H; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2016. Characterization of Distinct Macrophage Subpopulations during Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Lung Injury and Fibrosis.  Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 54(3):436-46

Udasin RG; Wen X; Bircsak KM; Aleksunes LM; Shakarjian MP; Kong AN; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2016. Nrf2 Regulates the Sensitivity of Mouse Keratinocytes to Nitrogen Mustard via Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 (Mrp1).  Toxicol Sci 149(1):202-12

Malaviya R; Sunil VR; Venosa A; Vayas KN; Heck DE; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2016. Inflammatory mechanisms of pulmonary injury induced by mustards.  Toxicol Lett 244:2-7

DeSantis-Rodrigues A; Chang YC; Hahn RA; Po IP; Zhou P; Lacey CJ; Pillai A; C Young S; Flowers RA 2nd; Gallo MA; Laskin JD; Gerecke DR; Svoboda KK; Heindel ND; Gordon MK, 2016. ADAM17 Inhibitors Attenuate Corneal Epithelial Detachment Induced by Mustard Exposure.  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(4):1687-98

Composto GM; Laskin JD; Laskin DL; Gerecke DR; Casillas RP; Heindel ND; Joseph LB; Heck DE, 2016. Mitigation of nitrogen mustard mediated skin injury by a novel indomethacin bifunctional prodrug.  Exp Mol Pathol 100(3):522-31

Wohlman IM; Composto GM; Heck DE; Heindel ND; Lacey CJ; Guillon CD; Casillas RP; Croutch CR; Gerecke DR; Laskin DL; Joseph LB; Laskin JD, 2016. Mustard vesicants alter expression of the endocannabinoid system in mouse skin.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 303:30-44

Malaviya R; Sunil VR; Venosa A; Vayas KN; Businaro R; Heck DE; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2016. Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in pulmonary injury induced by mustard vesicants.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1374(1):168-75

Lacey CJ; Wohlman I; Guillon C; Saxena J; Fianu-Velgus C; Aponte E; Young SC; Heck DE; Joseph LB; Laskin JD; Heindel ND, 2016. Multi-inhibitor prodrug constructs for simultaneous delivery of anti-inflammatory agents to mustard-induced skin injury.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1378(1):174-179

Gordon MK; DeSantis-Rodrigues A; Hahn R; Zhou P; Chang Y; Svoboda KK; Gerecke DR, 2016. The molecules in the corneal basement membrane zone affected by mustard exposure suggest potential therapies.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1378(1):158-165

Weinberger B; Malaviya R; Sunil VR; Venosa A; Heck DE; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2016. Mustard vesicant-induced lung injury: Advances in therapy.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 305:1-11

Venosa A; Malaviya R; Gow AJ; Hall L; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2015. Protective role of spleen-derived macrophages in lung inflammation, injury, and fibrosis induced by nitrogen mustard.  Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309(12):L1487-98

Jan YH; Heck DE; Casillas RP; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2015. Thioredoxin Cross-Linking by Nitrogen Mustard in Lung Epithelial Cells: Formation of Multimeric Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Complexes and Inhibition of Disulfide Reduction.  Chem Res Toxicol 28(11):2091-103

Malaviya R; Sunil VR; Venosa A; Verissimo VL; Cervelli JA; Vayas KN; Hall L; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2015. Attenuation of Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Pulmonary Injury and Fibrosis by Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antibody.  Toxicol Sci 148(1):71-88

Jan YH; Heck DE; Malaviya R; Casillas RP; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2014. Cross-linking of thioredoxin reductase by the sulfur mustard analogue mechlorethamine (methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine) in human lung epithelial cells and rat lung: selective inhibition of disulfide reduction but not redox cycling.  Chem Res Toxicol 27(1):61-75

Sunil VR; Vayas KN; Cervelli JA; Malaviya R; Hall L; Massa CB; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2014. Pentoxifylline attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced acute lung injury, oxidative stress and inflammation.  Exp Mol Pathol 97(1):89-98

Joseph LB; Heck DE; Cervelli JA; Composto GM; Babin MC; Casillas RP; Sinko PJ; Gerecke DR; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2014. Structural changes in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of hairless mice following exposure to sulfur mustard.  Exp Mol Pathol 96(3):316-27

Chang YC; Wang JD; Hahn RA; Gordon MK; Joseph LB; Heck DE; Heindel ND; Young SC; Sinko PJ; Casillas RP; Laskin JD; Laskin DL; Gerecke DR, 2014. Therapeutic potential of a non-steroidal bifunctional anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinergic agent against skin injury induced by sulfur mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 280(2):236-44

Zheng R; Po I; Mishin V; Black AT; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Sinko PJ; Gerecke DR; Gordon MK; Laskin JD, 2013. The generation of 4-hydroxynonenal, an electrophilic lipid peroxidation end product, in rabbit cornea organ cultures treated with UVB light and nitrogen mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272(2):345-55

Chang YC; Wang JD; Svoboda KK; Casillas RP; Laskin JD; Gordon MK; Gerecke DR, 2013. Sulfur mustard induces an endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the mouse ear vesicant model.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 268(2):178-87

Malaviya R; Venosa A; Hall L; Gow AJ; Sinko PJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2012. Attenuation of acute nitrogen mustard-induced lung injury, inflammation and fibrogenesis by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265(3):279-91

Sunil VR; Shen J; Patel-Vayas K; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2012. Role of reactive nitrogen species generated via inducible nitric oxide synthase in vesicant-induced lung injury, inflammation and altered lung functioning.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 261(1):22-30

Young SC; Fabio KM; Huang MT; Saxena J; Harman MP; Guillon CD; Vetrano AM; Heck DE; Flowers RA 2nd; Heindel ND; Laskin JD, 2012. Investigation of anticholinergic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prodrugs which reduce chemically induced skin inflammation.  J Appl Toxicol 32(2):135-41

Sunil VR; Patel KJ; Shen J; Reimer D; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2011. Functional and inflammatory alterations in the lung following exposure of rats to nitrogen mustard.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 250(1):10-8

Weinberger B; Laskin JD; Sunil VR; Sinko PJ; Heck DE; Laskin DL, 2011. Sulfur mustard-induced pulmonary injury: therapeutic approaches to mitigating toxicity.  Pulm Pharmacol Ther 24(1):92-9

Black AT; Hayden PJ; Casillas RP; Heck DE; Gerecke DR; Sinko PJ; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2011. Regulation of Hsp27 and Hsp70 expression in human and mouse skin construct models by caveolae following exposure to the model sulfur mustard vesicant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 253(2):112-20

Anumolu SS; Menjoge AR; Deshmukh M; Gerecke D; Stein S; Laskin J; Sinko PJ, 2011. Doxycycline hydrogels with reversible disulfide crosslinks for dermal wound healing of mustard injuries.  Biomaterials 32(4):1204-17

Sunil VR; Patel-Vayas K; Shen J; Gow AJ; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2011. Role of TNFR1 in lung injury and altered lung function induced by the model sulfur mustard vesicant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 250(3):245-55

Joseph LB; Gerecke DR; Heck DE; Black AT; Sinko PJ; Cervelli JA; Casillas RP; Babin MC; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2011. Structural changes in the skin of hairless mice following exposure to sulfur mustard correlate with inflammation and DNA damage.  Exp Mol Pathol 91(2):515-27

Gordon MK; Desantis A; Deshmukh M; Lacey CJ; Hahn RA; Beloni J; Anumolu SS; Schlager JJ; Gallo MA; Gerecke DR; Heindel ND; Svoboda KK; Babin MC; Sinko PJ, 2010. Doxycycline hydrogels as a potential therapy for ocular vesicant injury.  J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 26(5):407-19

Black AT; Hayden PJ; Casillas RP; Heck DE; Gerecke DR; Sinko PJ; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2010. Expression of proliferative and inflammatory markers in a full-thickness human skin equivalent following exposure to the model sulfur mustard vesicant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 249(2):178-87

Laskin JD; Black AT; Jan YH; Sinko PJ; Heindel ND; Sunil V; Heck DE; Laskin DL, 2010. Oxidants and antioxidants in sulfur mustard-induced injury.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1203:92-100

Malaviya R; Sunil VR; Cervelli J; Anderson DR; Holmes WW; Conti ML; Gordon RE; Laskin JD; Laskin DL, 2010. Inflammatory effects of inhaled sulfur mustard in rat lung.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 248(2):89-99

Gray JP; Mishin V; Heck DE; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2010. Inhibition of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase by the model sulfur mustard vesicant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 247(2):76-82

Black AT; Joseph LB; Casillas RP; Heck DE; Gerecke DR; Sinko PJ; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2010. Role of MAP kinases in regulating expression of antioxidants and inflammatory mediators in mouse keratinocytes following exposure to the half mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 245(3):352-60

Jan YH; Heck DE; Gray JP; Zheng H; Casillas RP; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2010. Selective targeting of selenocysteine in thioredoxin reductase by the half mustard 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide in lung epithelial cells.  Chem Res Toxicol 23(6):1045-53

Anumolu SS; DeSantis AS; Menjoge AR; Hahn RA; Beloni JA; Gordon MK; Sinko PJ, 2010. Doxycycline loaded poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for healing vesicant-induced ocular wounds.  Biomaterials 31(5):964-74

Shakarjian MP; Heck DE; Gray JP; Sinko PJ; Gordon MK; Casillas RP; Heindel ND; Gerecke DR; Laskin DL; Laskin JD, 2010. Mechanisms mediating the vesicant actions of sulfur mustard after cutaneous exposure.  Toxicol Sci 114(1):5-19

Chang YC; Sabourin CL; Lu SE; Sasaki T; Svoboda KK; Gordon MK; Riley DJ; Casillas RP; Gerecke DR, 2009. Upregulation of gamma-2 laminin-332 in the mouse ear vesicant wound model.  J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23(3):172-84

Gerecke DR; Chen M; Isukapalli SS; Gordon MK; Chang YC; Tong W; Androulakis IP; Georgopoulos PG, 2009. Differential gene expression profiling of mouse skin after sulfur mustard exposure: Extended time response and inhibitor effect.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 234(2):156-65

Shakarjian MP; Bhatt P; Gordon MK; Chang YC; Casbohm SL; Rudge TL; Kiser RC; Sabourin CL; Casillas RP; Ohman-Strickland P; Riley DJ; Gerecke DR, 2006. Preferential expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mouse skin after sulfur mustard exposure.  J Appl Toxicol 26(3):239-46

Publication list retrieved from NCBI using ImpactPubs

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Our Center
The National Institutes of Health has awarded a grant to Rutgers University to support a Center of Excellence focused on the development of new and improved medical countermeasures against high priority chemical threats. The Rutgers University CounterACT Research Center of Excellence is focused on developing drugs to treat vesicant poisoning. Read more…

Message from the Director
“This is a massive effort designed to coordinate many different research groups. We will develop drugs that can be used against actual chemicals that could be used in a terror attack.”
— Jeffrey D. Laskin, Ph.D. – Center Director

About Us

The Rutgers University CounterACT Research Center of Excellence is a collaboration between Rutgers University, New York Medical College, Lehigh University, United States Coast Guard Academy, MRIGlobal, and Target Health Inc.

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